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La mayor ventaja del tornillo de doble avance es que, tras el desgaste, se puede recuperar la holgura desplazando el tornillo axialmente. El mes pasado ayudamos a un cliente de equipos de posicionamiento a ajustar un reductor de doble avance de 0,12 mm a 0,03 mm; se recuperó la precisión.
1. Descripción del problema
El equipo hace posicionamiento de precisión; la holgura de retorno debía quedar dentro de 0,03 mm. Tras dos años, el posicionamiento empeoraba y la holgura había crecido.
Al desmontar, desgaste normal sin daño grave. No hacía falta cambiar piezas: bastaba ajustar la holgura.
2. Proceso de ajuste
Paso 1: medir la holgura actual. Fijar el tornillo, apoyar el comparador en el borde de la corona y oscilar; la lectura es el juego de retorno. El cliente midió 0,12 mm — unas cuatro veces el valor nuevo.
Paso 2: aflojar las tuercas de bloqueo del soporte del tornillo. No quitarlas del todo: solo lo necesario para mover axialmente.
Paso 3: golpear suavemente el extremo con un punzón de cobre y desplazar axialmente unos 0,02 mm cada vez.
Paso 4: tras cada movimiento, volver a medir. Parar alrededor de 0,03 mm.
3. Comprobaciones tras el ajuste
Con la holgura lista, verificar también:
– Giro manual suave sin agarrotamiento
– Mancha de contacto en la zona media del flanco
– Holgura sin cambio tras apretar las tuercas
Tras la prueba, la precisión volvió al nivel de equipo nuevo sin cambiar piezas, ahorrando coste.
4. Precauciones
Cuanto menor no siempre es mejor. Si a 0,03 mm el giro se nota claramente duro, se ha pasado — aflojar un poco. Holgura demasiado pequeña empeora la lubricación, sube la temperatura y acorta la vida.
Tornillo y corona de doble avance deben usarse emparejados y no son intercambiables. Dezhou Xinmi Machinery mecaniza pares de doble avance y acepta planos o muestras.
